Shipper, consignee and Notify party, explained.

There is sometimes great confusion as to the actual identity of shipper, consignee and notify party. Here I explain these terms which are widely used in shipping specially in the bill of ladings.

Shipper: Who is this guy ??

Many believe “Shipper” is the supplier or owner of the goods being supplied. It is true but not always.  The business directory defines shipper as  the party responsible for the shipment. When a buyer of goods enters into a contract with seller of the goods through sale contract, apart from other things they also decide who would arrange for the transport. In the multi-modal transport, they may decide which leg of transport is under whom. Who bears what risk is also the basis of various INCOTERMS defined by the International Chamber of Commerce.

If the buyer of the goods is responsible for sea transport, he would arrange for a ship to carry the goods and enter into a “Contract of carriage” with the carrier. The buyer here would be “Shipper” under “Contract of carriage”.

Shipper is a term related to “Contract of carriage” but is also closely related to sale contract. So the Shipper bears two hats. He is shipper under “contract of carriage” but he is buyer (or seller) under sale contract.

Consignee: Consignee is the person to whom the carrier (Ship) is supposed to deliver the goods. In most cases the consignee is the Buyer of the goods but not always. Consignee could be the agent nominated by the buyer. Consignee could also be the buyer’s bank.

Another principle different between the terms “Consignee” and “buyer” is that while “Consignee” is the term used in “contract of carriage”, the term “buyer” is used in “sale contract”.