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What are CATZOC and How to Use it for Passage Planning ?

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CATZOC and passage planning

When I had just started my sea career, I never understood how the depths of the entire ocean was measured.

I mean 70% of the earth is covered with water. How was this nearly impossible task of measuring the depths achieved?

Over the years I realized that it was not done in few days and not by few men.

This task is ever going since hundreds of years and the hydrographic offices of the countries are conducting these surveys regularly.

The only thing that has changed over the years is the method of conducting these surveys.

In early days the survey was done with hand-lead lines and single beam echo sounders.

It then changed to the wire-drag method where a wire was dragged by two or more ships with weights submerged to the fixed depth.

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